On various protocols, the inflation is going to users who provide liquidity. This usage is measured with gauges. Often, the liquidity gauge measures how much a user is providing in liquidity. Each gauge also has a weight and a type. Those weights represent how much of the inflation will be received by the liquidity gauge.
Curve is a decentralized exchange protocol. It is mainly utilized for swapping various stablecoins, as its Automated Market Maker mechanism is designed to handle such trades very efficiently. The protocol's native token is CRV, which people may stake for periods of time in order to earn the right to partake in the protocol's governance decisions as well as to claim a part of the protocol's cash flows.